IPA’s guidance on digital transformation and software modernization emphasizes competitiveness, legacy complexity and the challenge of converting digital investment into real business change.

A product can switch menus between English and Japanese and still fail as bilingual software.

A prototype may be excellent at demonstrating a workflow, testing a concept and helping leadership see the product. That does not automatically make it ready for clients, employees or commercially sensitive data.

A custom platform costing several million yen should not be justified by saying it has more buttons, more pages or more hours of development.

Do not start by recreating every existing sheet in an app. Map the workflow. Identify users and permissions. Define source data. Remove duplicate steps. Decide which exceptions matter. Define management reporting. Then determine what belongs in the system.