IPA’s guidance on digital transformation and software modernization emphasizes competitiveness, legacy complexity and the challenge of converting digital investment into real business change.

A product can switch menus between English and Japanese and still fail as bilingual software.

A prototype may be excellent at demonstrating a workflow, testing a concept and helping leadership see the product. That does not automatically make it ready for clients, employees or commercially sensitive data.

A custom platform costing several million yen should not be justified by saying it has more buttons, more pages or more hours of development.